India’s trade by production stage

India’s imports, exports, and value addition

Separate raw materials from components, productive machinery, and finished products. Every classification is explicit, reviewable, and linked back to an HS-4 product line.

Total HS-4 imports

$776.01B

1,207 active product lines

Total HS-4 exports

$441.75B

1,217 active product lines

Full-basket gap

−$334.27B

Imports minus exports

Attributed HS-4 lines

1,235

213 curated · 1,022 rule-mapped

Imports

Import basket composition

$776.01B

Intermediate Input

34.0% $263.58B

Energy Input

26.2% $203.42B

Capital Good

12.5% $96.80B

Consumption Asset

11.0% $85.39B

Finished Product

7.4% $57.08B

Agricultural Commodity

4.7% $36.62B

Raw Material

4.3% $33.14B

Intermediate Input is the largest classified imports stage at 34.0%.

Exports

Export basket composition

$441.75B

Finished Product

37.1% $163.74B

Intermediate Input

32.6% $144.08B

Energy Input

12.6% $55.87B

Capital Good

9.0% $39.63B

Agricultural Commodity

7.0% $31.05B

Raw Material

1.6% $7.07B

Consumption Asset

0.1% $0.31B

Finished Product is the largest classified exports stage at 37.1%.

Stage comparison
Imports and exports by value-chain stage

Values compare every available HS-4 line on each side.

Stage

Imports

Exports

Raw Material

21% export/import

$33.14B4.3%

Energy Input

27% export/import

$203.42B26.2%

Agricultural Commodity

85% export/import

$36.62B4.7%

Intermediate Input

55% export/import

$263.58B34.0%

Capital Good

41% export/import

$96.80B12.5%

Finished Product

287% export/import

$57.08B7.4%

Consumption Asset

0% export/import

$85.39B11.0%

Five-year transformation
Changes in the traded-stage mix

Each bar is the complete annual HS-4 basket; segment width is that stage’s share of the flow.

Raw Material

Energy Input

Agricultural Commodity

Intermediate Input

Capital Good

Finished Product

Consumption Asset

2021-22

Imports

$613.05B

Exports

$422.00B

2022-23

Imports

$715.97B

Exports

$451.07B

2023-24

Imports

$678.21B

Exports

$437.07B

2024-25

Imports

$721.20B

Exports

$437.70B

2025-26

Imports

$776.01B

Exports

$441.75B

Gross versus net
Balance by production stage

Exports offset imports within the same dominant-use stage.

StageImportsExportsNet
Energy Input
$203.42B$55.87B

$147.54B

27% covered

Intermediate Input
$263.58B$144.08B

$119.50B

55% covered

Consumption Asset
$85.39B$0.31B

$85.08B

0% covered

Capital Good
$96.80B$39.63B

$57.17B

41% covered

Raw Material
$33.14B$7.07B

$26.06B

21% covered

Agricultural Commodity
$36.62B$31.05B

$5.57B

85% covered

Finished Product
$57.08B$163.74B

+$106.66B

287% covered

Distribution depth
Trade-basket concentration

Imports

HHI 464

Top 10

47.3%

Top 25

59.2%

Top 50

68.7%

Top 100

79.2%

13 products make up 50%; 208 make up 90% of 1,207 active lines.

Exports

HHI 279

Top 10

39.2%

Top 25

50.4%

Top 50

59.8%

Top 100

72.5%

25 products make up 50%; 275 make up 90% of 1,217 active lines.

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Imports are input-heavy

Energy, raw materials and intermediate inputs dominate the classified import basket. Import value alone therefore overstates final-consumption dependence.

Exports show transformation

Finished products and processed energy exports reveal domestic value addition, while intermediate exports show India’s role inside global production chains.

Stage is not deficit quality

A capital-good import may raise future output, while a finished-good export may still rely heavily on imported components. Pair this page with the Buildability Atlas for net impact.

State capability needs a source

No state × HS-4 dataset is present in the official snapshots. The model and UI are ready for that join, but this page will not infer state strengths from national trade totals.

Coverage and method

All available HS-4 lines are assigned a dominant production stage. Curated HS-4 rows override transparent HS-2 rules. Full-basket summaries use every line; top-40 coverage is retained as a concentration indicator. HS-4 headings can contain mixed end uses, so each label represents the dominant economic use at this level. The attribution table is an analytical layer rather than an official government classification. Partner exposure is an observed HS-2 indicator from the top 10 chapters of 12 major partners, not an HS-4 sourcing share.

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