TRADE PERFORMANCE & STRUCTURE

India Trade Monitor

FY2025–26 bilateral trade totals, commodity basket composition, production-stage attributions, and domestic value-chain dependencies.

Commodity mix

India’s traded goods

See the latest export and import baskets, then follow how their industry mix has changed over time.

Latest exports by industry
25–26

$441.73B

Total

Chemicals

13.9%

Petroleum

12.2%

Machinery

11.1%

Electronics

10.9%

Agriculture

9.3%

Textiles & apparel

8.1%

Base metals

7.9%

Transport equipment

7.6%

Gems & jewellery

6.4%

Plastics & rubber

2.1%

Rest of basket

10.6%

Share of total exports by commodity basket in 2025-2026; slices sum to 100%.indiaatlas.xyz
Latest imports by industry
25–26

$774.98B

Total

Petroleum

22.4%

Electronics

15.0%

Gems & jewellery

14.1%

Chemicals

9.4%

Machinery

9.2%

Base metals

6.5%

Ores & minerals

5.5%

Agriculture

4.7%

Transport equipment

3.6%

Plastics & rubber

3.5%

Rest of basket

6.2%

Share of total imports by commodity basket in 2025-2026; slices sum to 100%.indiaatlas.xyz
Historical exports by industry
Top 10 = 89.4%
0%25%50%75%100%10–1113–1416–1719–2022–2325–26

Chemicals

13.9%

Petroleum

12.2%

Machinery

11.1%

Electronics

10.9%

Agriculture

9.3%

Textiles & apparel

8.1%

Base metals

7.9%

Transport equipment

7.6%

Gems & jewellery

6.4%

Plastics & rubber

2.1%

Rest 10.6%

Exports across 21 official commodity groups; the top 10 are shown as continuous bands and each year sums to 100%.indiaatlas.xyz
Historical imports by industry
Top 10 = 93.8%
0%25%50%75%100%10–1113–1416–1719–2022–2325–26

Petroleum

22.4%

Electronics

15.0%

Gems & jewellery

14.1%

Chemicals

9.4%

Machinery

9.2%

Base metals

6.5%

Ores & minerals

5.5%

Agriculture

4.7%

Transport equipment

3.6%

Plastics & rubber

3.5%

Rest 6.2%

Imports across 21 official commodity groups; the top 10 are shown as continuous bands and each year sums to 100%.indiaatlas.xyz
Trading partners

India’s trading partners

Compare the largest bilateral relationships, their balances, and how partner shares have shifted.

Top trading partners
Top 12 = 57.6% of FY25–26 trade

Imports

Exports

Balance

China

ElectronicsMachineryOrganic chemicals
ElectronicsMineral fuelsOres

−$112.16B

United States

Mineral fuelsGems & precious metalsElectronics
ElectronicsPharmaceuticalsMachinery

+$34.42B

UAE

Gems & precious metalsMineral fuelsInorganic chemicals
Gems & precious metalsMineral fuelsElectronics

−$26.54B

Russia

Mineral fuelsFertilisersVegetable oils & fats
MachineryPharmaceuticalsElectronics

−$50.88B

Saudi Arabia

Mineral fuelsFertilisersOrganic chemicals
VehiclesCerealsMachinery

−$20.51B

Singapore

ElectronicsMachineryMineral fuels
Mineral fuelsMachineryShips & boats

−$12.38B

Hong Kong

ElectronicsGems & precious metalsMachinery
Gems & precious metalsElectronicsMachinery

−$16.25B

Germany

MachineryAircraftElectronics
ElectronicsMachineryVehicles

−$7.91B

Iraq

Mineral fuelsVegetable oils & fatsFruits & nuts
CerealsMineral fuelsMeat

−$21.60B

Japan

MachineryElectronicsCopper
VehiclesOrganic chemicalsMachinery

−$15.40B

South Korea

ElectronicsIron & steelMachinery
MachineryMineral fuelsOrganic chemicals

−$15.34B

Switzerland

Gems & precious metalsMachineryPharmaceuticals
Organic chemicalsGems & precious metalsMachinery

−$23.06B

Top 12 partners by total trade in FY25–26. Bars share one scale; the balance column is exports minus imports. The small icons are each partner's top three traded product chapters (FY25–26, EIDB) — hover or tap a row to name them.indiaatlas.xyz
Five-year partner balances
Deficit / surplus · US$ bn

FY21–22

FY22–23

FY23–24

FY24–25

FY25–26

China

−$73.31B

−$83.17B

−$85.08B

−$99.20B

−$112.16B

United States

+$32.86B

+$27.68B

+$36.75B

+$40.89B

+$34.42B

UAE

−$16.79B

−$21.62B

−$12.39B

−$26.76B

−$26.54B

Russia

−$6.62B

−$43.07B

−$57.17B

−$58.93B

−$50.88B

Saudi Arabia

−$25.34B

−$31.31B

−$20.24B

−$18.36B

−$20.51B

Singapore

−$7.81B

−$11.60B

−$6.79B

−$8.31B

−$12.38B

Hong Kong

−$8.11B

−$8.38B

−$12.21B

−$13.66B

−$16.25B

Germany

−$5.08B

−$6.46B

−$6.43B

−$8.32B

−$7.91B

Iraq

−$29.52B

−$31.69B

−$26.65B

−$25.62B

−$21.60B

Japan

−$8.22B

−$11.03B

−$12.54B

−$12.67B

−$15.40B

South Korea

−$9.39B

−$14.57B

−$14.72B

−$15.24B

−$15.34B

Switzerland

−$22.04B

−$14.45B

−$19.71B

−$20.32B

−$23.06B

Each cell is exports minus imports for that partner. Red values are trade deficits; green values are surpluses. The latest fiscal year is emphasized.indiaatlas.xyz
Partner share of trade over time
Top 15 = 63.6%
Total trade
Exports
Imports
0%25%50%75%100%10–1113–1416–1719–2022–2325–26

China

12.4%

United States

11.5%

UAE

8.3%

Russia

4.9%

Saudi Arabia

3.4%

Singapore

3.0%

Hong Kong

2.7%

Germany

2.5%

Iraq

2.3%

Japan

2.3%

South Korea

2.2%

Switzerland

2.1%

United Kingdom

2.1%

Indonesia

2.0%

Netherlands

1.9%

Rest 36.4%

Total trade across 217 partner countries; the top 15 are shown as continuous bands and each year sums to 100%.indiaatlas.xyz
Product composition

India’s traded product stages

The same dollar value means different things depending on whether it is crude feedstock, a factory component, productive machinery, or a consumer-ready product. These views classify the 40 largest HS-4 lines on each side and make every attribution inspectable.

Open full product workspace
Imports · FY2025-26

Imports by production stage

$509.38B

65.6% flow coverage

Energy Input · 39.4%
Intermediate Input · 21.9%
Consumption Asset · 16.5%
Capital Good · 8.9%
Finished Product · 5.2%
Agricultural Commodity · 4.5%
Raw Material · 3.6%
Attributed productValueStage

2709

Petroleum Oils And Oils Obtained From Bituminous Minerals, CrudeEnergy Input

$134.72B
Energy Input

7108

Gold(Incl Gold Pltd Wth Pltnm)Unwrought Or In Semi Mnfctrd Forms/In Pwdr FormConsumption Asset

$71.98B
Consumption Asset

8542

Elctrnc Integrtd Circuits And MicroIntermediate Input

$30.32B
Intermediate Input

2701

Coal Briquettes Ovoids And Similar Solid Fuels Manufactured From CoalEnergy Input

$26.73B
Energy Input

2711

Petrlm Gases And Othr Gaseous HydrcrbnsEnergy Input

$26.63B
Energy Input

8517

Elctrcl Aparts Fr Line Telephny/Telgrphy, Incl Telphon Sets Wth Cordls Handset CarierFinished Product

$21.72B
Finished Product

7102

Diamonds, Whether Or Not Worked, But Not Mounted Or SetIntermediate Input

$16.41B
Intermediate Input

8471

Automatic Data Processing Machines And UnitsCapital Good

$13.71B
Capital Good

8802

Othr Aircraft Except Unmanned Aircraft Of 8806(Eg Helicopter, Aeroplane)Spacecraft (Incl Satellite) And Suborbital And SpaceCapital Good

$12.83B
Capital Good

7106

Silvr(Incld Slvr Pltd Wth Gold/Pltnm) Unwrght/In Semi Mnfctrd Form/In Pwdr FormConsumption Asset

$12.05B
Consumption Asset

1511

Palm Oil And Its Fractions, Whether Or Not Refined, But Not Chemically ModifiedAgricultural Commodity

$9.59B
Agricultural Commodity

2710

Petroleum Oilsand Oils Obtnd Frm Bitmns Mnrlother Than Crude Prpn Nes;Cntng70% Or Moreby Weight Of These OilsEnergy Input

$9.32B
Energy Input

3105

Mnrl/Chmcl Frtlsrs Wth Two/Three Of The Frtlsng Elmnts N,P And K; Othr Frtlsrs Smlr Goods In Tblts/Like Frm In Pkt OfIntermediate Input

$7.01B
Intermediate Input

8708

Parts And Accessories Of The Motor Vehicles Of Headings 8701 To 8705Intermediate Input

$6.97B
Intermediate Input

1507

Soya Bean Oil And Its Fractns W/N Refind But Not Chemically ModifiedAgricultural Commodity

$6.21B
Agricultural Commodity

8541

Semcond Dvs[Scd]( Diod,Trnstr,Trnsdcer); P Senst [Scd],P Volt If With Mdl/ Of Pnel, Led,If With Led;Mtd PiezoIntermediate Input

$6.15B
Intermediate Input

2603

Copper Ores And ConcertratesRaw Material

$5.94B
Raw Material

8507

Elctrc Accumltrs,Incl Separators Therefor W/N Rectangular(Incl Sq)Intermediate Input

$5.62B
Intermediate Input

2843

Colloidl Precious Metals;Inorgnc/Orgnc Cmpnds Of Precious Metals W/N Chmcly Defined Amalgams Of Precious MetalIntermediate Input

$5.60B
Intermediate Input

8524

*Records,Tapes & Othr Recorded Media For Sound/Othr Smlrly Recorded Phenomena But Excl Prdcts Of Chapter 37Intermediate Input

$5.59B
Intermediate Input

3102

Mineral Or Chemical Fertilisers, NitrogenousIntermediate Input

$5.56B
Intermediate Input

7113

Artcls Of Jewellery And Prts Thereof; Of Prcs Mtl/Of Mtl Cld Wth Precious MetalFinished Product

$4.93B
Finished Product

7204

Ferrous Waste And Scrap; Remelting Scrap IngotsRaw Material

$4.56B
Raw Material

7602

Aluminium Waste And ScrapRaw Material

$4.55B
Raw Material

8504

Electrical Transformers, Static Converters (For Example, Rectifiers) And InductorsCapital Good

$4.41B
Capital Good

8479

Mchns And Mchncl Applncs Hvng Indvdl Functns,N.E.S.Capital Good

$4.13B
Capital Good

8411

TurboCapital Good

$4.11B
Capital Good

8473

Parts And Accessories Oth Thn Covers, Carrying Cases)Suitable For Use Solely /Principally With Machines Of Hdg 8470 To 8472Intermediate Input

$4.03B
Intermediate Input

0713

Drid Leguminous Veg Shld W/N Skinned/SplitAgricultural Commodity

$3.63B
Agricultural Commodity

8536

Elctrcls Apprts Fr Swtchng/Prtctng Elctrclcircuits Etc.(E.G.Swtchs Relays Etc.) For A Voltage Not Excdg 1000 VoltsIntermediate Input

$3.59B
Intermediate Input

3901

Polymers Of Ethylene In Primary FormsIntermediate Input

$3.52B
Intermediate Input

7404

Copper Waste And ScrapRaw Material

$3.43B
Raw Material

1512

Sunflower Seed, Safflower Or Cotton Seed Oil And Their Fractions Thereof, Whether Or Not Refined, But Not Chemically MAgricultural Commodity

$3.32B
Agricultural Commodity

8414

Air/Vacuum Pumps,Air/Othr Gas Comprsrs And Fans;Vntltng/Rcyclng Hoods Incrprtng A Fan,W/N Fitted With FiltersCapital Good

$3.22B
Capital Good

2713

Petrolm Coke Petrolm Bitumn And Othr Resdus Of Petrlm Oils/Oils Obtnd Frm Bitmns MnrlsEnergy Input

$3.11B
Energy Input

9018

Instrmnts And Applncs Used In Mdcl,Surgcl, Dntl/Vtrnry Scncs,Incl Scntgrphc Apprts ElctroCapital Good

$3.10B
Capital Good

2902

Cyclic HydrocarbonsIntermediate Input

$2.82B
Intermediate Input

7403

Refined Copper And Copper Alloys, UnwroughtIntermediate Input

$2.77B
Intermediate Input

2905

Acyclic Alcohols And Their Halogenated, Sulphonated, Nitrated Or Nitrosated DerivativesIntermediate Input

$2.75B
Intermediate Input

3907

Polyacetals, Other Polyethers And Epoxide Resins,Intermediate Input

$2.73B
Intermediate Input

Hover a row for its attribution rationale · select a stage to isolate it

Exports · FY2025-26

Exports by production stage

$249.35B

56.4% flow coverage

Finished Product · 47.0%
Energy Input · 21.2%
Intermediate Input · 20.1%
Capital Good · 5.6%
Agricultural Commodity · 5.4%
Raw Material · 0.7%
Attributed productValueStage

2710

Petroleum Oilsand Oils Obtnd Frm Bitmns Mnrlother Than Crude Prpn Nes;Cntng70% Or Moreby Weight Of These OilsEnergy Input

$52.97B
Energy Input

8517

Elctrcl Aparts Fr Line Telephny/Telgrphy, Incl Telphon Sets Wth Cordls Handset CarierFinished Product

$33.76B
Finished Product

3004

Mdcmnts (Excl Itms Of 3002,3005 / 3006) Fr Thrputc/Prphylctc Uses In Measurd Dosesor In Pckngs Fr Rtl SaleFinished Product

$21.87B
Finished Product

7113

Artcls Of Jewellery And Prts Thereof; Of Prcs Mtl/Of Mtl Cld Wth Precious MetalFinished Product

$13.28B
Finished Product

7102

Diamonds, Whether Or Not Worked, But Not Mounted Or SetIntermediate Input

$12.44B
Intermediate Input

1006

RiceAgricultural Commodity

$11.54B
Agricultural Commodity

8703

Motr Cars And Othr Motr Vhcls Fr Trnsprt Of Persons(Excl Of 8702)Incl Rcng Cars EtcFinished Product

$9.04B
Finished Product

8708

Parts And Accessories Of The Motor Vehicles Of Headings 8701 To 8705Intermediate Input

$7.64B
Intermediate Input

8411

TurboCapital Good

$5.67B
Capital Good

0306

Crstcn, Crstcn Ckd By Stmng/Blng Wtr, W/N Shl,Live,Frsh,Chld,Frzn,Drd,Sltd/In Brine;Smkd Crstcn,W/N Shl,W/N Ckd In SmkngFinished Product

$5.08B
Finished Product

0202

Meat Of Bovine Animals, FrozenFinished Product

$4.61B
Finished Product

2933

Heterocyclic Compounds With NitrogenIntermediate Input

$4.36B
Intermediate Input

7601

Unwrought AluminiumIntermediate Input

$4.28B
Intermediate Input

8711

Motorcycles (Including Mopeds) And Cycles Fitted With An Auxiliary Motor, With Or Without SideFinished Product

$3.98B
Finished Product

3808

Insctcds,Rdntcds,Fngcds,Hrbcds,Antsproutngprdcts And Plntgrwth RgltrsFinished Product

$3.87B
Finished Product

5205

Cotn Yrn(Othr Thn Swng Thrd)Cntng 85% Or More By Wt Of Coton Nt Put Up Fr Retl SaleIntermediate Input

$3.22B
Intermediate Input

8504

Electrical Transformers, Static Converters (For Example, Rectifiers) And InductorsCapital Good

$3.20B
Capital Good

4011

New Pneumatic Tyres, Of RubberFinished Product

$3.09B
Finished Product

6204

Womens Or Girls Suits, Ensembles, Jackets, Blazers, Dresses, Skirts, Divided Skirts, Trousers, Bib And Brace OveFinished Product

$3.07B
Finished Product

7202

FerroIntermediate Input

$2.89B
Intermediate Input

8544

Insulated (Incl Enamelled Or Anodised) Wire, Cable (Incl CoIntermediate Input

$2.87B
Intermediate Input

8481

Taps, Cocks, Valves And Similar Appliances For Pipes, Boiler Shells, Tanks, Vats Or The Like, Including PressureIntermediate Input

$2.84B
Intermediate Input

6109

TFinished Product

$2.37B
Finished Product

3002

Humn,Anml,Bld Fr Mdcnl Use; Mdfd Imunlgcl Prdt W/N_bitech Prcs;Vccns,Txns,Cltr_mcrgnsm,Ether Smlr P; Cell Cltr ,W/N MdfdFinished Product

$2.25B
Finished Product

8483

Trnsmsn Shfts And Crnks;Gears;Ball Screws; Bearing Housing Andothr Plain Shft Bearings Spd Chngrs Incl Torque CnvrtrsffIntermediate Input

$2.24B
Intermediate Input

3204

Syntc Orgnc Colrng Matr W/N Chmcly DfndIntermediate Input

$2.19B
Intermediate Input

6907

Ceramic Flgs And Paving,Hearth Or Wall Tls Ceramic Mosaic Cubes And Like, Whether Or Not On A Backing; Finishing CeramicsFinished Product

$2.12B
Finished Product

1701

Cane/Beet Sugr Chmcly Pure Sucrse In SolidAgricultural Commodity

$2.04B
Agricultural Commodity

6302

Bed Linen, Table Linen, Toilet Linen And Kitchen LinenFinished Product

$2.01B
Finished Product

8429

SlfCapital Good

$1.77B
Capital Good

8409

Parts Suitable For Use Solely Or Principally With The Engines Of Heading 8407 Or 8408Intermediate Input

$1.76B
Intermediate Input

7308

Structrs(Excl Prefabrictd Bldngs Of Hdg No.9406)And Parts E.G.Bridges Roofs Doors Tubes Etc Used In Structrs Of IronFinished Product

$1.75B
Finished Product

6304

Other Furnishing Articles, Excluding Those Of Heading 9404Finished Product

$1.75B
Finished Product

2601

Iron Ores And Concentrates, Including Roasted Iron Pyrites Iron Ores And Concentrates, Other Than Roasted IroRaw Material

$1.71B
Raw Material

2818

Artificial Corundum, Whether Or Not Chemically Defined; Aluminium Oxide; Aluminium HydroxideIntermediate Input

$1.70B
Intermediate Input

6403

Ftwear Wth Outr Soles Of Rubr,Plstcs, Lthr/Cmpstn Lthr And Upprs Of LthrFinished Product

$1.69B
Finished Product

8901

Cruise Ships, Excursion Boats , FerryCapital Good

$1.64B
Capital Good

8413

Pumps For Liquids, Whether Or Not Fitted With ACapital Good

$1.60B
Capital Good

4202

Trunks, SuitFinished Product

$1.59B
Finished Product

8538

Prts Suitbl Fr Use Solely/Principally Wth The Apprts Of Hdg No.8535,8536/8537Intermediate Input

$1.58B
Intermediate Input

Hover a row for its attribution rationale · select a stage to isolate it

Classification note: HS-4 headings can contain mixed end uses. The assigned stage reflects the dominant economic use at this aggregation level, and the row-level rationale is stored in the classification CSV. This is a transparent analytical layer, not an official Government of India classification.

Top five buildability opportunities

From import bill to realistic domestic opportunity

A concise ranking of the largest directional opportunities after export offsets and realistic reduction ranges are considered.

Explore the full atlas

#1 · HS 2709

61/100

Petroleum Oils and Oils Obtained From Bituminous Minerals, Crude

Realistic net impact

$6.74B$20.21B

$134.72B net deficit

Structurally Imported

#2 · HS 7108

100/100

Gold(Incl Gold Pltd Wth Pltnm)Unwrought Or In Semi Mnfctrd Forms/In Pwdr Form

Realistic net impact

$7.17B$17.93B

$71.73B net deficit

Substitutable

#3 · HS 8542

56/100

Elctrnc Integrtd Circuits and Micro

Realistic net impact

$3.00B$7.51B

$30.04B net deficit

Partly Buildable

#4 · HS 2701

50/100

Coal Briquettes Ovoids and Similar Solid Fuels Manufactured From Coal

Realistic net impact

$2.66B$6.64B

$26.55B net deficit

Partly Buildable

#5 · HS 8471

33/100

Automatic Data Processing Machines and Units

Realistic net impact

$1.89B$4.42B

$12.63B net deficit

Partly Buildable

Ranked by the high end of the curated realistic net-impact range. These are directional scenarios, not forecasts; the full atlas includes all filters, assumptions, and product detail.

Imported inputs in export value chains

FY25–26 linkage view
Imported inputs · FY25–26Exported outputsPetroleum refining: $134.72B imported inputs → $52.97B exported outputs. Click to inspect.Petroleum refining$134.72B in$52.97B outcoverage 39%Gems & jewellery: $101.26B imported inputs → $26.18B exported outputs. Click to inspect.Gems & jewellery$101.26B in$26.18B outcoverage 26%Phones & electronics: $57.42B imported inputs → $33.76B exported outputs. Click to inspect.Phones & electronics$57.42B in$33.76B outcoverage 59%Coal & steel: $31.29B imported inputs → $2.39B exported outputs. Click to inspect.Coal & steel$31.29B in$2.39B outcoverage 8%Auto manufacturing: $12.59B imported inputs → $14.29B exported outputs. Click to inspect.Auto manufacturing$12.59B in$14.29B outcoverage 1.1×Plastics conversion: $5.66B imported inputs → $2.03B exported outputs. Click to inspect.Plastics conversion$5.66B in$2.03B outcoverage 36%Pharmaceuticals: $4.98B imported inputs → $21.87B exported outputs. Click to inspect.Pharmaceuticals$4.98B in$21.87B outcoverage 4.4×Cotton & textiles: $1.86B imported inputs → $5.59B exported outputs. Click to inspect.Cotton & textiles$1.86B in$5.59B outcoverage 3.0×Leather & footwear: $0.17B imported inputs → $1.69B exported outputs. Click to inspect.Leather & footwear$0.17B in$1.69B outcoverage 10.1×
Petroleum refining
Gems & jewellery
Phones & electronics
Pharmaceuticals
Cotton & textiles
Coal & steel
Auto manufacturing
Plastics conversion
Leather & footwear

Imported crude is refined into diesel, petrol and jet fuel; part of the output is shipped back out, the rest fuels the domestic economy.

Imported inputs

Exported outputs

Key players
Reliance Industries
Indian Oil
BPCL
HPCL
Nayara Energy
Imported inputs

$134.72B

1 input product line

Exported outputs

$52.97B

1 output product line

Coverage out÷in

39%

Exported outputs ÷ imported inputs

Chain trade balance

−$91.06B

Exports minus imports

Imported inputs

Crude petroleum

HS 2709 · FY26 rank #1$122.45B → $134.72B

$134.72B

Exported outputs

Refined petroleum

HS 2710 · FY26 rank #1$66.69B → $52.97B

$52.97B

Counter-flows

Refined petroleum

HS 2710 · FY26 rank #12$9.99B → $9.32B

$9.32B

The same products moving the other way — orange rows are imports of this chain's outputs, blue rows are exports of its inputs. Both count in the chain trade balance.
The map shows all six chains at once — ribbon widths are proportional to value, so a ribbon that narrows left-to-right means most of the input value stays in the domestic economy, and one that widens means value is added at home before export. Coverage compares exported outputs with imported inputs; the chain trade balance counts every flow of these product lines in both directions, counter-flows included. Pairings are matched by product family — not an official input–output table — so treat both as directional signals rather than measured value-added: imported inputs also serve domestic demand (most gold and coal never leave), and exports also draw on domestic inputs. Key players are well-known firms in each chain from public reporting — company-level detail is not part of the official trade data. Values shown are for FY2025-26.