India Trade Monitor

Exports, imports and the trade balance, from official Government of India data

Data through FY25–26 · provisional
Rupee value vs cumulative export deficit
INR per USD
Cumulative deficit
104.2092.0079.8067.6055.4043.20$3,091.84B$2,473.47B$1,855.10B$1,236.74B$618.37B$0.00BINR/USDCumulative deficit11–1213–1415–1617–1819–2021–2223–2425–26
RBI Table 139 provides the financial-year annual average INR per USD; the deficit line is the cumulative annual trade deficit. Both lines start from the same point on the left so you can see how the rupee and the deficit move together — each keeps its own axis, so they're free to diverge over time.
Latest exports by industry
25–26

$441.73B

Total

Chemicals

13.9%

Petroleum

12.2%

Machinery

11.1%

Electronics

10.9%

Agriculture

9.3%

Textiles & apparel

8.1%

Base metals

7.9%

Transport equipment

7.6%

Gems & jewellery

6.4%

Plastics & rubber

2.1%

Rest of basket

10.6%

Share of total exports by commodity basket in 2025-2026; slices sum to 100%.
Latest imports by industry
25–26

$774.98B

Total

Petroleum

22.4%

Electronics

15.0%

Gems & jewellery

14.1%

Chemicals

9.4%

Machinery

9.2%

Base metals

6.5%

Ores & minerals

5.5%

Agriculture

4.7%

Transport equipment

3.6%

Plastics & rubber

3.5%

Rest of basket

6.2%

Share of total imports by commodity basket in 2025-2026; slices sum to 100%.
Historical exports by industry
Top 10 = 89.4%
0%25%50%75%100%10–1113–1416–1719–2022–2325–26

Chemicals

13.9%

Petroleum

12.2%

Machinery

11.1%

Electronics

10.9%

Agriculture

9.3%

Textiles & apparel

8.1%

Base metals

7.9%

Transport equipment

7.6%

Gems & jewellery

6.4%

Plastics & rubber

2.1%

Rest 10.6%

Exports across 21 official commodity groups; the top 10 are shown as continuous bands and each year sums to 100%.
Historical imports by industry
Top 10 = 93.8%
0%25%50%75%100%10–1113–1416–1719–2022–2325–26

Petroleum

22.4%

Electronics

15.0%

Gems & jewellery

14.1%

Chemicals

9.4%

Machinery

9.2%

Base metals

6.5%

Ores & minerals

5.5%

Agriculture

4.7%

Transport equipment

3.6%

Plastics & rubber

3.5%

Rest 6.2%

Imports across 21 official commodity groups; the top 10 are shown as continuous bands and each year sums to 100%.
Top trading partners
Top 12 = 57.6% of FY25–26 trade

Imports

Exports

Balance

China

ElectronicsMachineryOrganic chemicals
ElectronicsMineral fuelsOres

-$112.16B

United States

Mineral fuelsGems & precious metalsElectronics
ElectronicsPharmaceuticalsMachinery

+$34.42B

UAE

Gems & precious metalsMineral fuelsInorganic chemicals
Gems & precious metalsMineral fuelsElectronics

-$26.54B

Russia

Mineral fuelsFertilisersVegetable oils & fats
MachineryPharmaceuticalsElectronics

-$50.88B

Saudi Arabia

Mineral fuelsFertilisersOrganic chemicals
VehiclesCerealsMachinery

-$20.51B

Singapore

ElectronicsMachineryMineral fuels
Mineral fuelsMachineryShips & boats

-$12.38B

Hong Kong

ElectronicsGems & precious metalsMachinery
Gems & precious metalsElectronicsMachinery

-$16.25B

Germany

MachineryAircraftElectronics
ElectronicsMachineryVehicles

-$7.91B

Iraq

Mineral fuelsVegetable oils & fatsFruits & nuts
CerealsMineral fuelsMeat

-$21.60B

Japan

MachineryElectronicsCopper
VehiclesOrganic chemicalsMachinery

-$15.40B

South Korea

ElectronicsIron & steelMachinery
MachineryMineral fuelsOrganic chemicals

-$15.34B

Switzerland

Gems & precious metalsMachineryPharmaceuticals
Organic chemicalsGems & precious metalsMachinery

-$23.06B

Top 12 partners by total trade in FY25–26. Bars share one scale; the balance column is exports minus imports. The small icons are each partner's top three traded product chapters (FY25–26, EIDB) — hover or tap a row to name them.
Partner trend: China
FY25–26 balance -$112.16B
China
United States
UAE
Russia
Saudi Arabia
Singapore
Hong Kong
Germany
US$ bn142114855728011–1213–1415–1617–1819–2021–2223–2425–26
India's exports to and imports from China, FY10–11 → FY25–26. Pick a partner chip or search any of 242 countries; hover or tap for year figures.
Partner share of trade over time
Top 15 = 63.6%
Total trade
Exports
Imports
0%25%50%75%100%10–1113–1416–1719–2022–2325–26

China

12.4%

United States

11.5%

UAE

8.3%

Russia

4.9%

Saudi Arabia

3.4%

Singapore

3.0%

Hong Kong

2.7%

Germany

2.5%

Iraq

2.3%

Japan

2.3%

South Korea

2.2%

Switzerland

2.1%

United Kingdom

2.1%

Indonesia

2.0%

Netherlands

1.9%

Rest 36.4%

Total trade across 217 partner countries; the top 15 are shown as continuous bands and each year sums to 100%.
Explore export & import product lines
FY21–22 → FY25–26
Exports
Imports
US$ change
% change

Top 6

Fastest growing

Phones & telecom gear

HS 8517 · FY26 rank #2$7.11B → $33.76B

+$26.65B

+375%

Medicaments (pharma)

HS 3004 · FY26 rank #3$17.08B → $21.87B

+$4.78B

+28%

Cars & passenger vehicles

HS 8703 · FY26 rank #7$5.93B → $9.04B

+$3.11B

+53%

Jet engines & turbines

HS 8411 · FY26 rank #9$3.25B → $5.67B

+$2.42B

+75%

Jewellery

HS 7113 · FY26 rank #4$10.99B → $13.28B

+$2.28B

+21%

Rice

HS 1006 · FY26 rank #6$9.67B → $11.54B

+$1.87B

+19%

Biggest decline

Refined petroleum

HS 2710 · FY26 rank #1$66.69B → $52.97B

-$13.72B

-21%

Diamonds

HS 7102 · FY26 rank #5$25.40B → $12.44B

-$12.96B

-51%

Flat-rolled steel

HS 7208 · FY26 rank #41$5.76B → $1.56B

-$4.20B

-73%

Unwrought aluminium

HS 7601 · FY26 rank #13$8.34B → $4.28B

-$4.06B

-49%

Cyclic hydrocarbons

HS 2902 · FY26 rank #48$4.24B → $1.45B

-$2.79B

-66%

Sugar

HS 1701 · FY26 rank #28$4.58B → $2.04B

-$2.54B

-55%

Pick exports or imports, drag the fiscal-year window, and rank HS-4 product lines by US$ or percent change across it — or search any line to see its own path. The Top-N slider sets how many lines each list shows. The % ranking skips lines under $0.50B at the window start so tiny bases don't dominate. Hover or tap a sparkline for year-by-year values.
Product composition

What form does India trade?

The same dollar value means different things depending on whether it is crude feedstock, a factory component, productive machinery, or a consumer-ready product. These views classify the 40 largest HS-4 lines on each side and make every attribution inspectable.

Open full product workspace
Imports · FY2025-26
Imports by production stage

$509.38B

65.6% flow coverage

Energy Input · 39.4%
Intermediate Input · 21.9%
Consumption Asset · 16.5%
Capital Good · 8.9%
Finished Product · 5.2%
Agricultural Commodity · 4.5%
Raw Material · 3.6%
Attributed productValueStage

2709

Petroleum Oils And Oils Obtained From Bituminous Minerals, Crude

$134.72B
Energy Input

7108

Gold(Incl Gold Pltd Wth Pltnm)Unwrought Or In Semi Mnfctrd Forms/In Pwdr Form

$71.98B
Consumption Asset

8542

Elctrnc Integrtd Circuits And Micro

$30.32B
Intermediate Input

2701

Coal Briquettes Ovoids And Similar Solid Fuels Manufactured From Coal

$26.73B
Energy Input

2711

Petrlm Gases And Othr Gaseous Hydrcrbns

$26.63B
Energy Input

8517

Elctrcl Aparts Fr Line Telephny/Telgrphy, Incl Telphon Sets Wth Cordls Handset Carier

$21.72B
Finished Product

7102

Diamonds, Whether Or Not Worked, But Not Mounted Or Set

$16.41B
Intermediate Input

8471

Automatic Data Processing Machines And Units

$13.71B
Capital Good

8802

Othr Aircraft Except Unmanned Aircraft Of 8806(Eg Helicopter, Aeroplane)Spacecraft (Incl Satellite) And Suborbital And Space

$12.83B
Capital Good

7106

Silvr(Incld Slvr Pltd Wth Gold/Pltnm) Unwrght/In Semi Mnfctrd Form/In Pwdr Form

$12.05B
Consumption Asset

1511

Palm Oil And Its Fractions, Whether Or Not Refined, But Not Chemically Modified

$9.59B
Agricultural Commodity

2710

Petroleum Oilsand Oils Obtnd Frm Bitmns Mnrlother Than Crude Prpn Nes;Cntng70% Or Moreby Weight Of These Oils

$9.32B
Energy Input

3105

Mnrl/Chmcl Frtlsrs Wth Two/Three Of The Frtlsng Elmnts N,P And K; Othr Frtlsrs Smlr Goods In Tblts/Like Frm In Pkt Of

$7.01B
Intermediate Input

8708

Parts And Accessories Of The Motor Vehicles Of Headings 8701 To 8705

$6.97B
Intermediate Input

1507

Soya Bean Oil And Its Fractns W/N Refind But Not Chemically Modified

$6.21B
Agricultural Commodity

8541

Semcond Dvs[Scd]( Diod,Trnstr,Trnsdcer); P Senst [Scd],P Volt If With Mdl/ Of Pnel, Led,If With Led;Mtd Piezo

$6.15B
Intermediate Input

2603

Copper Ores And Concertrates

$5.94B
Raw Material

8507

Elctrc Accumltrs,Incl Separators Therefor W/N Rectangular(Incl Sq)

$5.62B
Intermediate Input

2843

Colloidl Precious Metals;Inorgnc/Orgnc Cmpnds Of Precious Metals W/N Chmcly Defined Amalgams Of Precious Metal

$5.60B
Intermediate Input

8524

*Records,Tapes & Othr Recorded Media For Sound/Othr Smlrly Recorded Phenomena But Excl Prdcts Of Chapter 37

$5.59B
Intermediate Input

3102

Mineral Or Chemical Fertilisers, Nitrogenous

$5.56B
Intermediate Input

7113

Artcls Of Jewellery And Prts Thereof; Of Prcs Mtl/Of Mtl Cld Wth Precious Metal

$4.93B
Finished Product

7204

Ferrous Waste And Scrap; Remelting Scrap Ingots

$4.56B
Raw Material

7602

Aluminium Waste And Scrap

$4.55B
Raw Material

8504

Electrical Transformers, Static Converters (For Example, Rectifiers) And Inductors

$4.41B
Capital Good

8479

Mchns And Mchncl Applncs Hvng Indvdl Functns,N.E.S.

$4.13B
Capital Good

8411

Turbo

$4.11B
Capital Good

8473

Parts And Accessories Oth Thn Covers, Carrying Cases)Suitable For Use Solely /Principally With Machines Of Hdg 8470 To 8472

$4.03B
Intermediate Input

0713

Drid Leguminous Veg Shld W/N Skinned/Split

$3.63B
Agricultural Commodity

8536

Elctrcls Apprts Fr Swtchng/Prtctng Elctrclcircuits Etc.(E.G.Swtchs Relays Etc.) For A Voltage Not Excdg 1000 Volts

$3.59B
Intermediate Input

3901

Polymers Of Ethylene In Primary Forms

$3.52B
Intermediate Input

7404

Copper Waste And Scrap

$3.43B
Raw Material

1512

Sunflower Seed, Safflower Or Cotton Seed Oil And Their Fractions Thereof, Whether Or Not Refined, But Not Chemically M

$3.32B
Agricultural Commodity

8414

Air/Vacuum Pumps,Air/Othr Gas Comprsrs And Fans;Vntltng/Rcyclng Hoods Incrprtng A Fan,W/N Fitted With Filters

$3.22B
Capital Good

2713

Petrolm Coke Petrolm Bitumn And Othr Resdus Of Petrlm Oils/Oils Obtnd Frm Bitmns Mnrls

$3.11B
Energy Input

9018

Instrmnts And Applncs Used In Mdcl,Surgcl, Dntl/Vtrnry Scncs,Incl Scntgrphc Apprts Elctro

$3.10B
Capital Good

2902

Cyclic Hydrocarbons

$2.82B
Intermediate Input

7403

Refined Copper And Copper Alloys, Unwrought

$2.77B
Intermediate Input

2905

Acyclic Alcohols And Their Halogenated, Sulphonated, Nitrated Or Nitrosated Derivatives

$2.75B
Intermediate Input

3907

Polyacetals, Other Polyethers And Epoxide Resins,

$2.73B
Intermediate Input

Hover a row for its attribution rationale · select a stage to isolate it

Exports · FY2025-26
Exports by production stage

$249.35B

56.4% flow coverage

Finished Product · 47.0%
Energy Input · 21.2%
Intermediate Input · 20.1%
Capital Good · 5.6%
Agricultural Commodity · 5.4%
Raw Material · 0.7%
Attributed productValueStage

2710

Petroleum Oilsand Oils Obtnd Frm Bitmns Mnrlother Than Crude Prpn Nes;Cntng70% Or Moreby Weight Of These Oils

$52.97B
Energy Input

8517

Elctrcl Aparts Fr Line Telephny/Telgrphy, Incl Telphon Sets Wth Cordls Handset Carier

$33.76B
Finished Product

3004

Mdcmnts (Excl Itms Of 3002,3005 / 3006) Fr Thrputc/Prphylctc Uses In Measurd Dosesor In Pckngs Fr Rtl Sale

$21.87B
Finished Product

7113

Artcls Of Jewellery And Prts Thereof; Of Prcs Mtl/Of Mtl Cld Wth Precious Metal

$13.28B
Finished Product

7102

Diamonds, Whether Or Not Worked, But Not Mounted Or Set

$12.44B
Intermediate Input

1006

Rice

$11.54B
Agricultural Commodity

8703

Motr Cars And Othr Motr Vhcls Fr Trnsprt Of Persons(Excl Of 8702)Incl Rcng Cars Etc

$9.04B
Finished Product

8708

Parts And Accessories Of The Motor Vehicles Of Headings 8701 To 8705

$7.64B
Intermediate Input

8411

Turbo

$5.67B
Capital Good

0306

Crstcn, Crstcn Ckd By Stmng/Blng Wtr, W/N Shl,Live,Frsh,Chld,Frzn,Drd,Sltd/In Brine;Smkd Crstcn,W/N Shl,W/N Ckd In Smkng

$5.08B
Finished Product

0202

Meat Of Bovine Animals, Frozen

$4.61B
Finished Product

2933

Heterocyclic Compounds With Nitrogen

$4.36B
Intermediate Input

7601

Unwrought Aluminium

$4.28B
Intermediate Input

8711

Motorcycles (Including Mopeds) And Cycles Fitted With An Auxiliary Motor, With Or Without Side

$3.98B
Finished Product

3808

Insctcds,Rdntcds,Fngcds,Hrbcds,Antsproutngprdcts And Plntgrwth Rgltrs

$3.87B
Finished Product

5205

Cotn Yrn(Othr Thn Swng Thrd)Cntng 85% Or More By Wt Of Coton Nt Put Up Fr Retl Sale

$3.22B
Intermediate Input

8504

Electrical Transformers, Static Converters (For Example, Rectifiers) And Inductors

$3.20B
Capital Good

4011

New Pneumatic Tyres, Of Rubber

$3.09B
Finished Product

6204

Womens Or Girls Suits, Ensembles, Jackets, Blazers, Dresses, Skirts, Divided Skirts, Trousers, Bib And Brace Ove

$3.07B
Finished Product

7202

Ferro

$2.89B
Intermediate Input

8544

Insulated (Incl Enamelled Or Anodised) Wire, Cable (Incl Co

$2.87B
Intermediate Input

8481

Taps, Cocks, Valves And Similar Appliances For Pipes, Boiler Shells, Tanks, Vats Or The Like, Including Pressure

$2.84B
Intermediate Input

6109

T

$2.37B
Finished Product

3002

Humn,Anml,Bld Fr Mdcnl Use; Mdfd Imunlgcl Prdt W/N_bitech Prcs;Vccns,Txns,Cltr_mcrgnsm,Ether Smlr P; Cell Cltr ,W/N Mdfd

$2.25B
Finished Product

8483

Trnsmsn Shfts And Crnks;Gears;Ball Screws; Bearing Housing Andothr Plain Shft Bearings Spd Chngrs Incl Torque Cnvrtrsff

$2.24B
Intermediate Input

3204

Syntc Orgnc Colrng Matr W/N Chmcly Dfnd

$2.19B
Intermediate Input

6907

Ceramic Flgs And Paving,Hearth Or Wall Tls Ceramic Mosaic Cubes And Like, Whether Or Not On A Backing; Finishing Ceramics

$2.12B
Finished Product

1701

Cane/Beet Sugr Chmcly Pure Sucrse In Solid

$2.04B
Agricultural Commodity

6302

Bed Linen, Table Linen, Toilet Linen And Kitchen Linen

$2.01B
Finished Product

8429

Slf

$1.77B
Capital Good

8409

Parts Suitable For Use Solely Or Principally With The Engines Of Heading 8407 Or 8408

$1.76B
Intermediate Input

7308

Structrs(Excl Prefabrictd Bldngs Of Hdg No.9406)And Parts E.G.Bridges Roofs Doors Tubes Etc Used In Structrs Of Iron

$1.75B
Finished Product

6304

Other Furnishing Articles, Excluding Those Of Heading 9404

$1.75B
Finished Product

2601

Iron Ores And Concentrates, Including Roasted Iron Pyrites Iron Ores And Concentrates, Other Than Roasted Iro

$1.71B
Raw Material

2818

Artificial Corundum, Whether Or Not Chemically Defined; Aluminium Oxide; Aluminium Hydroxide

$1.70B
Intermediate Input

6403

Ftwear Wth Outr Soles Of Rubr,Plstcs, Lthr/Cmpstn Lthr And Upprs Of Lthr

$1.69B
Finished Product

8901

Cruise Ships, Excursion Boats , Ferry

$1.64B
Capital Good

8413

Pumps For Liquids, Whether Or Not Fitted With A

$1.60B
Capital Good

4202

Trunks, Suit

$1.59B
Finished Product

8538

Prts Suitbl Fr Use Solely/Principally Wth The Apprts Of Hdg No.8535,8536/8537

$1.58B
Intermediate Input

Hover a row for its attribution rationale · select a stage to isolate it

Classification note: HS-4 headings can contain mixed end uses. The assigned stage reflects the dominant economic use at this aggregation level, and the row-level rationale is stored in the classification CSV. This is a transparent analytical layer, not an official Government of India classification.

Product discovery · Buildability atlas

From import bill to realistic domestic opportunity

See why India imports each major product, what kind of intervention fits, and how much of the net deficit may realistically move. Productive and structurally imported lines are not treated as fully removable.

Products shown

30

Gross imports

$444.92B

Export offset

$21.58B

Net deficit

$423.34B

Realistic net range

$35.36B–$89.33B

FY 2025-2026
State capability · data join planned

30 of 30 classified lines

ProductImportExport offsetNet deficitRealistic net impactBuildabilityOpportunity
2709

Petroleum Oils and Oils Obtained From Bituminous Minerals, Crude

Energy · Energy Input

$134.72B$0.00B$134.72B

$6.74B$20.21B

515% scenario

Structurally Imported

61

Confidence 5/5

Why India imports it

India has limited crude reserves relative to refinery throughput and transport demand.

Best lever

Demand Shaping

Domestic capacity proxy

Large refining base; limited upstream resource endowment

Technology complexity

High

Input dependency

High

Time horizon

10+ years

Reality check: Electrification and efficiency reduce demand slowly; domestic refining does not replace crude feedstock.

HS-2 partner exposure

Russia · $47.82B
U Arab Emts · $24.27B
Iraq · $24.15B

Partner figures are broader HS-2 exposure indicators, not product-specific HS-4 sourcing shares.

7108

Gold(Incl Gold Pltd Wth Pltnm)Unwrought Or In Semi Mnfctrd Forms/In Pwdr Form

Precious metals · Consumption Asset

$71.98B$0.24B$71.73B

$7.17B$17.93B

1025% scenario

Substitutable

100

Confidence 4/5

8542

Elctrnc Integrtd Circuits and Micro

Electronics · Intermediate Component

$30.32B$0.28B$30.04B

$3.00B$7.51B

1025% scenario

Partly Buildable

56

Confidence 4/5

2701

Coal Briquettes Ovoids and Similar Solid Fuels Manufactured From Coal

Energy · Energy Input

$26.73B$0.18B$26.55B

$2.66B$6.64B

1025% scenario

Partly Buildable

50

Confidence 4/5

8471

Automatic Data Processing Machines and Units

Electronics · Finished Good

$13.71B$1.07B$12.63B

$1.89B$4.42B

1535% scenario

Partly Buildable

33

Confidence 4/5

2711

Petrlm Gases and Othr Gaseous Hydrcrbns

Energy · Energy Input

$26.63B$0.39B$26.24B

$1.31B$3.94B

515% scenario

Structurally Imported

9

Confidence 4/5

7106

Silvr(Incld Slvr Pltd Wth Gold/Pltnm) Unwrght/In Semi Mnfctrd Form/In Pwdr Form

Precious metals · Raw Material

$12.05B$0.05B$12.00B

$1.20B$3.00B

1025% scenario

Recoverable

19

Confidence 3/5

8507

Elctrc Accumltrs,Incl Separators Therefor W/N Rectangular(Incl Sq)

Clean technology · Intermediate Component

$5.62B$0.71B$4.91B

$0.98B$1.96B

2040% scenario

Partly Buildable

15

Confidence 4/5

8802

Othr Aircraft Except Unmanned Aircraft Of 8806(Eg Helicopter, Aeroplane)Spacecraft (Incl Satellite) and Suborbital and Space

Aerospace · Capital Good

$12.83B$0.08B$12.76B

$0.64B$1.91B

515% scenario

Partly Buildable

11

Confidence 3/5

7204

Ferrous Waste and Scrap; Remelting Scrap Ingots

Base metals · Raw Material

$4.56B$0.02B$4.54B

$0.91B$1.81B

2040% scenario

Recoverable

19

Confidence 5/5

7602

Aluminium Waste and Scrap

Base metals · Raw Material

$4.55B$0.05B$4.50B

$0.90B$1.80B

2040% scenario

Recoverable

19

Confidence 5/5

8541

Semcond Dvs[Scd]( Diod,Trnstr,Trnsdcer); P Senst [Scd],P Volt If With Mdl/ Of Pnel, Led,If With Led;Mtd Piezo

Electronics · Intermediate Component

$6.15B$1.21B$4.95B

$0.74B$1.48B

1530% scenario

Partly Buildable

11

Confidence 4/5

1511

Palm Oil and Its Fractions, Whether Or Not Refined, But Not Chemically Modified

Edible oils · Agricultural Commodity

$9.59B$0.05B$9.54B

$0.48B$1.43B

515% scenario

Growable

9

Confidence 4/5

3105

Mnrl/Chmcl Frtlsrs Wth Two/Three Of The Frtlsng Elmnts N,P and K; Othr Frtlsrs Smlr Goods In Tblts/Like Frm In Pkt Of

Fertiliser · Agricultural Commodity

$7.01B$0.02B$6.99B

$0.70B$1.40B

1020% scenario

Partly Buildable

10

Confidence 4/5

2843

Colloidl Precious Metals;Inorgnc/Orgnc Cmpnds Of Precious Metals W/N Chmcly Defined Amalgams Of Precious Metal

Precious metals · Intermediate Component

$5.60B$0.04B$5.56B

$0.56B$1.39B

1025% scenario

Recoverable

9

Confidence 3/5

8524

*Records,Tapes & Othr Recorded Media For Sound/Othr Smlrly Recorded Phenomena But Excl Prdcts Of Chapter 37

Electronics · Intermediate Component

$5.59B$0.29B$5.30B

$0.53B$1.33B

1025% scenario

Partly Buildable

7

Confidence 3/5

7404

Copper Waste and Scrap

Base metals · Raw Material

$3.43B$0.32B$3.11B

$0.62B$1.24B

2040% scenario

Recoverable

13

Confidence 5/5

1507

Soya Bean Oil and Its Fractns W/N Refind But Not Chemically Modified

Edible oils · Agricultural Commodity

$6.21B$0.04B$6.16B

$0.62B$1.23B

1020% scenario

Growable

8

Confidence 4/5

3102

Mineral Or Chemical Fertilisers, Nitrogenous

Fertiliser · Agricultural Commodity

$5.56B$0.03B$5.54B

$0.55B$1.11B

1020% scenario

Partly Buildable

8

Confidence 4/5

8473

Parts and Accessories Oth Thn Covers, Carrying Cases)Suitable For Use Solely /Principally With Machines Of Hdg 8470 To 8472

Electronics · Intermediate Component

$4.03B$0.52B$3.50B

$0.53B$1.05B

1530% scenario

Partly Buildable

6

Confidence 3/5

2603

Copper Ores and Concertrates

Base metals · Raw Material

$5.94B$0.04B$5.90B

$0.30B$0.89B

515% scenario

Structurally Imported

2

Confidence 4/5

0713

Drid Leguminous Veg Shld W/N Skinned/Split

Agriculture · Agricultural Commodity

$3.63B$0.97B$2.66B

$0.40B$0.80B

1530% scenario

Growable

5

Confidence 4/5

3901

Polymers Of Ethylene In Primary Forms

Petrochemicals · Intermediate Component

$3.52B$0.43B$3.08B

$0.31B$0.77B

1025% scenario

Partly Buildable

6

Confidence 4/5

3904

Polymers Of Vinyl Chloride Or Of Other Halogenated Olefins, In Primary Forms

Petrochemicals · Intermediate Component

$2.69B$0.28B$2.41B

$0.36B$0.72B

1530% scenario

Partly Buildable

5

Confidence 4/5

8479

Mchns and Mchncl Applncs Hvng Indvdl Functns,N.E.S.

Industrial machinery · Capital Good

$4.13B$1.32B$2.81B

$0.28B$0.70B

1025% scenario

Partly Buildable

4

Confidence 3/5

2713

Petrolm Coke Petrolm Bitumn and Othr Resdus Of Petrlm Oils/Oils Obtnd Frm Bitmns Mnrls

Energy · Intermediate Component

$3.11B$0.33B$2.79B

$0.28B$0.70B

1025% scenario

Substitutable

4

Confidence 4/5

1512

Sunflower Seed, Safflower Or Cotton Seed Oil and Their Fractions Thereof, Whether Or Not Refined, But Not Chemically M

Edible oils · Agricultural Commodity

$3.32B$0.12B$3.21B

$0.32B$0.64B

1020% scenario

Growable

4

Confidence 4/5

7402

Unrefined Copper; Copper Anodes For Electrolytic Refining

Base metals · Intermediate Component

$2.60B$0.03B$2.57B

$0.26B$0.51B

1020% scenario

Partly Buildable

3

Confidence 3/5

2809

Diphosphorus Pentaoxide; Phosphoric Acid; Polyphosphoric Acids, Whether Or Not Chemically Defined

Chemicals · Raw Material

$2.68B$0.01B$2.67B

$0.13B$0.40B

515% scenario

Structurally Imported

1

Confidence 4/5

7102

Diamonds, Whether Or Not Worked, But Not Mounted Or Set

Gems and jewellery · Raw Material

$16.41B$12.44B$3.96B

$0.00B$0.40B

010% scenario

Structurally Imported

1

Confidence 5/5

How to read the atlas

Net deficit = imports minus the export offset. The realistic range is a transparent scenario applied to that net figure; it is not a forecast or the full import bill. The normalized opportunity score combines high-case net impact, buildability tractability and confidence. All classifications and scenario assumptions live in the CSV data layer and can be reviewed independently of this interface.

How imports feed exports
FY21–22 → FY25–26
Imported inputs · FY25–26Exported outputsPetroleum refining: $134.72B imported inputs → $52.97B exported outputs. Click to inspect.Petroleum refining$134.72B in$52.97B outcoverage 39%Gems & jewellery: $101.26B imported inputs → $26.18B exported outputs. Click to inspect.Gems & jewellery$101.26B in$26.18B outcoverage 26%Phones & electronics: $57.42B imported inputs → $33.76B exported outputs. Click to inspect.Phones & electronics$57.42B in$33.76B outcoverage 59%Coal & steel: $31.29B imported inputs → $2.39B exported outputs. Click to inspect.Coal & steel$31.29B in$2.39B outcoverage 8%Pharmaceuticals: $4.98B imported inputs → $21.87B exported outputs. Click to inspect.Pharmaceuticals$4.98B in$21.87B outcoverage 4.4×Cotton & textiles: $1.86B imported inputs → $5.59B exported outputs. Click to inspect.Cotton & textiles$1.86B in$5.59B outcoverage 3.0×
Petroleum refining
Gems & jewellery
Phones & electronics
Pharmaceuticals
Cotton & textiles
Coal & steel

Imported crude is refined into diesel, petrol and jet fuel; part of the output is shipped back out, the rest fuels the domestic economy.

Imported inputs

Exported outputs

Key players
Reliance Industries
Indian Oil
BPCL
HPCL
Nayara Energy
Imported inputs

$134.72B

FY21–22: $122.45B

Exported outputs

$52.97B

FY21–22: $66.69B

Coverage out÷in

39%

FY21–22: 54%

Chain trade balance

-$91.06B

FY21–22: -$65.75B

US$ bn1821369145021–2222–2323–2424–2525–26
Imported inputs

Crude petroleum

HS 2709 · FY26 rank #1$122.45B → $134.72B

+$12.27B

+10%

Exported outputs

Refined petroleum

HS 2710 · FY26 rank #1$66.69B → $52.97B

-$13.72B

-21%

Counter-flows

Refined petroleum

HS 2710 · FY26 rank #12$9.99B → $9.32B

-$0.67B

-7%

The same products moving the other way — orange rows are imports of this chain's outputs, blue rows are exports of its inputs. Both count in the chain trade balance.
The map shows all six chains at once — ribbon widths are proportional to value, so a ribbon that narrows left-to-right means most of the input value stays in the domestic economy, and one that widens means value is added at home before export. Coverage compares exported outputs with imported inputs; the chain trade balance counts every flow of these product lines in both directions, counter-flows included. Pairings are matched by product family — not an official input–output table — so treat both as directional signals rather than measured value-added: imported inputs also serve domestic demand (most gold and coal never leave), and exports also draw on domestic inputs. Key players are well-known firms in each chain from public reporting — company-level detail is not part of the official trade data. Gross trade values from FY2021-22 to FY2025-26. Hover or tap the chart for year-by-year figures.